DNA

• definition: short for deoxyribonucleic acid. the nucleic acid that is the genetic material determining the makeup of all living cells and many viruses
• kid definition: DNA is the king of molecules
• Sentence: DNA is located in the nucleolus.

a labeled drawing of DNA

Chromosome

• definition: s structure in all living cells that consists of a single molecule of DNA bonded to various proteins and that carries the genes determining heredity
• kid definition: a threadlike body in the cell nucleus that carries the genes in a linear order
• Sentence: Chromosome are located in the nucleus of cells.

a labeled example chromosome

Mitosis

• definition: the usual method of cell division, characterized typically by the resolving of the chromatin of the nucleus into a threadlike form, which condenses into chromosomes, each of which separates longitudinally into two parts, one part of each chromosome being retained in each of two new cells resulting from the original cell.
• kid definition: when a cell splits to make more cells
• Sentence: When cells go through mitosis, they make two more daughter cells once they split.

the process of mitoses labeled with each step

Respiration

• definition: the process of breakdown of food into simpler substances to release energy for various metabolic functions with or without oxygen which involves firstly the conversion of glucose to pyruvate in the cytoplasm of aerobes as well as anerobes and then the releasing of energy that is different for aerobes and anerobes
• kid definition: processes that take place in the cells and tissues during which energy is released
• Sentence: Plants go through the process of respiration.

the picture shows the things needed for respiration and the products of respiration

Diffusion

• definition: movement of a fluid from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Diffusion is a result of the kinetic properties of particles of matter. the particles will mix until they are evenly distributed.
• kid definition: diffusion is just the passive movement, no energy used, of molecules from an environment that is dense to an environment that is less dense
• senctence: The diffusion of molecules causes a soluble dye to disperse in water.

the fluid is moving from an area of high concentration to low concentration

Osmosis

• definition: the tendency of a fluid, usually water, to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a solution where the solvent concentration is higher, thus equalizing the concentrations of materials on either side of the membrane
• kid definition: to lower concentration until it is equal
• Sentence: Osmosis provides the primary means by which water is transported into and out of cells.

an example of how water is moving to an area of lower concentration

Protist

• dictionary: any of various one-celled organisms, classified in the kingdom Protista, that are either free-living or aggregated into simple colonies and that have diverse reproductive and nutritional modes, including the protozoans, eukaryotic algae, and slime molds: some classification schemes also include the fungi and the more primitive bacteria and blue-green algae or may distribute the organisms between the kingdoms Plantae and Animalia according to dominant characteristics.
• kid definition: free-living organisms that are types of bacteria
• sentence: Paremeciums, a type of protist, move with using cilia as oars.

a picture of a euglena, which uses it’s flegella to move around

Bacteria

• dictionary: ubiquitous one-celled organisms, spherical, spiral, or rod-shaped and appearing singly or in chains, comprising the Schizomycota, a phylum of the kingdom Monera (in some classification systems the plant class Schizomycetes), various species of which are involved in fermentation, putrefaction, infectious diseases, or nitrogen fixation
• kid definition: germs that comes in different shapes and sizes that have different purposes
• sentence: At least one million bacteria are in our mouth!

a magnified image of a specific type of bacteria, bacilli

Function

• definition: the role of a certain organelle in a cell
• kid definition: what an organelle is made to do
• sentence: The function of the mitochondria is to produce energy.
  

  all of the organelles in this cell have a function that they use to keep the cell alive

Cell

• defintion:  a usually microscopic structure containing nuclear and cytoplasmic material enclosed by a semipermeable membrane and, in plants, a cell wall; the basic unit of structure and funtion of life
• kid definition: cells make up living things and carry out activities that keep living things alive
• sentence: I am made of cells because I am living.

a labeled diagram of a plant and animal cell